Native Functions

Built-in functions available in every Mac program without imports.

Time & Introspection

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`clock`	`clock()`	`number`	Wall-clock time in seconds
`type`	`type(value)`	`string`	Runtime type name

String Operations

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`len`	`len(str)`	`number`	String length (also works on arrays)
`substr`	`substr(str, start, length)`	`string`	Extract substring
`split`	`split(str, delimiter)`	`[string]`	Split into array
`join`	`join(array, separator)`	`string`	Join array into string
`upper`	`upper(str)`	`string`	Convert to uppercase
`lower`	`lower(str)`	`string`	Convert to lowercase
`trim`	`trim(str)`	`string`	Remove surrounding whitespace
`replace`	`replace(str, from, to)`	`string`	Replace all occurrences

Math

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`sqrt`	`sqrt(n)`	`number`	Square root
`abs`	`abs(n)`	`number`	Absolute value
`pow`	`pow(base, exp)`	`number`	Exponentiation
`floor`	`floor(n)`	`number`	Round down
`ceil`	`ceil(n)`	`number`	Round up

Array Mutation

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`push`	`push(array, value)`	`nil`	Append element (mutates)
`pop`	`pop(array)`	`T`	Remove and return last element

Array Transforms

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`map`	`map(array, fn)`	`[T]`	Transform each element
`filter`	`filter(array, fn)`	`[T]`	Keep matching elements
`reduce`	`reduce(array, fn, init)`	`T`	Fold with accumulator
`find`	`find(array, fn)`	`T`	First matching element
`flatMap`	`flatMap(array, fn)`	`[T]`	Map and flatten one level
`flatten`	`flatten(array)`	`[T]`	Flatten one nesting level
`reverse`	`reverse(array)`	`[T]`	Reversed copy
`sort`	`sort(array)`	`[T]`	Sorted copy
`sort`	`sort(array, cmp)`	`[T]`	Sort with comparator
`take`	`take(array, n)`	`[T]`	First n elements
`drop`	`drop(array, n)`	`[T]`	Skip first n elements
`zip`	`zip(a, b)`	`[[A, B]]`	Pair elements from two arrays
`enumerate`	`enumerate(array)`	`[[number, T]]`	Index-value pairs
`takeWhile`	`takeWhile(array, fn)`	`[T]`	Take elements while predicate is true
`dropWhile`	`dropWhile(array, fn)`	`[T]`	Drop elements while predicate is true
`partition`	`partition(array, fn)`	`[[T], [T]]`	Split by predicate
`groupBy`	`groupBy(array, fn)`	`{string: [T]}`	Group by key function
`unique`	`unique(array)`	`[T]`	Remove duplicates
`chunk`	`chunk(array, n)`	`[[T]]`	Split into groups of n
`scan`	`scan(array, fn, init)`	`[T]`	Reduce keeping intermediates
`each`	`each(array, fn)`	`nil`	Side-effect iteration

Array Predicates

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`any`	`any(array, fn)`	`bool`	Any element matches
`all`	`all(array, fn)`	`bool`	All elements match

Generators

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`range`	`range(end)`	`[number]`	`[0, 1, ..., end-1]`
`range`	`range(start, end)`	`[number]`	`[start, ..., end-1]`
`range`	`range(start, end, step)`	`[number]`	With custom step

Functional Utilities

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`partial`	`partial(fn, ...args)`	`function`	Bind arguments to a function, returning a new function with fewer parameters

User Input

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`input`	`input(prompt)`	`string`	Read line from stdin

Image Effects

See Effects for the full effect reference.

Parameterized (return a meme transform function):

blur(r), pixelate(s), noise(a), saturate(f), contrast(f), brightness(f), hueShift(d), glow(r), posterize(l), chromatic(o), threshold(l), tint(hex), jpeg(q)

Direct (take a meme, return a meme):

grayscale, sepia, invert, sharpen, vignette

Layout & Composition

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`beside`	`beside(left, right)`	`Meme`	Side-by-side
`stack`	`stack(top, bottom)`	`Meme`	Vertical stack
`grid`	`grid(cols, memes)`	`Meme`	Grid arrangement
`pad`	`pad(meme, px)`	`Meme`	Add white padding
`border`	`border(meme, px)`	`Meme`	Add black border

Animation

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`animate`	`animate(memes, ms)`	`Gif`	Create GIF with uniform frame duration
`toGrid`	`toGrid(memes, cols, rows)`	`Meme`	Render array to grid

I/O

Function	Signature	Returns	Description
`save`	`save(target, path)`	`bool`	Save meme/GIF to file

Mac Language Reference